Chateau Gaillard (saucy, impudent, feisty, etc.) was built by King Richard the Lionheart to defend Normandy from the French.  It was the state of the art in medieval castles.  It took the French eight months to capture it.  They dug under the castle and the story goes they penetrated it through the latrines! of all things.  Other historians dispute that and say they got in through a lower window left unguarded.  Once captured, the French pretty much tore it down.  The English website is interesting: <https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chateau-Gaillard>.